Novel time–frequency (t–f) methods are developed for the detection of non-stationary signals in the presence of noise with uncertain power. The proposed method uses instantaneous frequency estimation and de-chirping procedure to convert a non-stationary signal into a stationary signal, thus allowing us to exploit temporal correlation as an extra feature for signal detection in addition to the signal energy. The proposed method can be used for both mono-sensor and multi-sensor recordings. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve and probability of signal detection are used as criteria for comparing the performance of the proposed signal detection methods with the state of the art in the presence of noise power uncertainty. Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed approach.